Inspect the assembly, not only the bare board
PCBA inspection addresses the components and connections added during assembly. Bare-board electrical testing remains a separate verification step. Define the required assembly checks and records for the intended deliverable.
Different methods answer different questions
The PCBJHY testing guidance covers incoming, in-process and post-assembly inspection. Select the project-specific methods and acceptance criteria rather than assuming every listed test applies to every order.
| Method | What to define |
|---|---|
| Incoming inspection | Required checks on components and bare boards before assembly. |
| Solder paste inspection | Paste application requirements before component placement. |
| AOI | Visible component and soldering features to be inspected. |
| X-ray | Hidden-joint inspection requirements and reporting scope. |
| ICT | Electrical test access, fixture requirements and test coverage. |
| Functional test | Specified operating behavior, test procedure and pass/fail criteria. |
Functional testing needs a defined procedure
A functional test should be based on agreed operating conditions and expected results. Identify the required test instructions, fixtures, firmware or other inputs where applicable. Testing capability and responsibilities must be confirmed before release.
Define the deliverable and evidence
Agree on acceptance criteria, coverage and the required report format during quotation. Inspection images and electrical measurements should be interpreted within their method and scope. A passing inspection result is not a guarantee of every aspect of end-product performance.