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Bare PCB testing and inspection
GUIDE / PCBELEC
# Bare PCB testing and inspection
Explore electrical testing, flying probe, impedance checks, microsection analysis and visual or dimensional inspection for bare PCB orders.
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## Electrical testing and flying probe
Bare-board electrical testing checks continuity and detects opens and shorts. Flying probe is a fixtureless method used for prototype and low-volume requirements. The applicable method and coverage should be agreed for the order.
## Impedance and structural checks
TDR testing verifies controlled-impedance structures against the specified targets. Microsection analysis examines internal construction, plated holes, copper and layer relationships. These methods answer different questions.
## Inspection scope and records
Visual and dimensional checks assess visible features and board dimensions. Identify the required sampling, acceptance criteria and reports before release. Bare-board inspection is distinct from post-assembly functional testing.
## Different tests answer different questions
Use the verification method that addresses the requirement. These checks complement one another; one method does not establish every aspect of board quality.
| Method | Primary purpose | Does not replace |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Optical inspection | Inspect relevant circuit-pattern features. | Electrical connectivity verification. |
| Bare-board electrical test | Check intended connections and isolation. | Functional testing of an assembled product. |
| Impedance measurement | Check agreed transmission-line test structures. | Complete system signal-integrity validation. |
| Dimensional inspection | Compare mechanical features with drawing requirements. | Internal construction review. |
| Cross-section review, when specified | Examine selected internal construction features. | All other inspection and acceptance requirements. |
## Agree on records before fabrication
If your receiving inspection or qualification process needs test reports, identify them in the quotation request. Define the revision, sample or coverage requirements, acceptance criteria and reporting format. Special inspection should not be assumed from a general statement about quality.
CONTINUE YOUR REVIEW
## Related manufacturing resources
guide
### [Flying Probe Testing for Bare PCBs ↗](https://www.chinasuqi.com/en/quality/flying-probe-testing/)
Understand fixtureless bare-board electrical testing, the opens and shorts it can detect, and how it differs from AOI and functional testing.
technology
### [Controlled Impedance PCB Fabrication ↗](https://www.chinasuqi.com/en/pcb-technologies/controlled-impedance/)
Prepare controlled impedance PCB requirements: target values, single-ended or differential structures, reference layers, stackup and TDR verification.
quality
### [Quality management for PCB fabrication ↗](https://www.chinasuqi.com/en/quality/)
Understand the quality workflow from engineering and incoming materials through process inspection, final verification and shipment release.
guide
### [PCB manufacturing file checklist ↗](https://www.chinasuqi.com/en/resources/file-preparation/)
Check Gerber, drill, stackup and fabrication drawings, then add material, copper, finish, quantity and delivery requirements for a PCB quote.
guide
### [PCBA Testing & Inspection ↗](https://www.chinasuqi.com/en/quality/pcba-testing/)
Distinguish assembly inspection from functional verification. Define AOI, X-ray, ICT and functional-test requirements for the assembled board.
YOUR NEXT PCB PROJECT
## Let’s define your next build.
Start with your files, requirements and target date.
[Prepare a PCB inquiry ↗](https://www.chinasuqi.com/en/request-a-quote/)

Canonical page: https://www.chinasuqi.com/en/quality/testing/